The goal of this PhD work is to study and develop a brain implant prototype for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease (in particular Parkinson disease), for which no curative treatment exist at the moment. However, a number of studies on animal models have shown a neuroprotective effect of n...
The security objectives of connected objects are usually Confidentiality, Integrity and Authentication (CIA). However, guaranteeing these objectives does not prevent changing the order of events or the elapsed time between two events. To meet these new security needs and ensure the security of an...
Cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) is a key technology of the forthcoming 6th generation of wireless networks (6G) representing an alternative network infrastructure and being the most ultimate enabler of energy-efficiency (EE) and spectral-efficiency (SE). In CF-mMIMO, t...
As part of the development of its R&D activities on sensor networks and digital twins, the Autonomy and Sensor Integration Laboratory (DSYS/SSCE/LAIC) of CEA-LETI in Grenoble, France, is offering a thesis on "Sensor Networks and Digital Twins for the Co-design of Mechatronic Systems". The LAIC la...
Context: A natural way to address the scalability of quantum devices is to design and realise arrays of individual quantum objects with nearest-neighbor interaction. In large-scale semiconductor quantum processors, a quantum bit is encoded in the spin of an isolated electron, trapped in an array ...
As part of Quantum Silicon Grenoble project, teams at CEA-LETI, CEA-IRIG and Néel Institute aim at building a quantum accelerator with silicon spin quantum bits (qubits). Compatible with large-scale production, existing integration processes on Si are a real advantage for the scalability of these...
In beyond 5G/6G networks , it is imperative to easily deploy and manage a private/ad-hoc network of mobile users such as a fleet of vehicles or drones. The objective of this thesis is to define strategies and associated protocols (control and resource allocation) to self-organize "mesh" networks ...
Secure components exploiting embedded cryptographic mechanisms, for instance smart cards, may be vulnerable to the side-channel attacks. Such attacks are based onto the observation of some physical features measured during the device activity, such as power consumption, electromagnetic irradiatio...
An increasing number of safety-critical systems such as autonomous vehicles, aircraft flight control and medical devices are controlled by many-core processors interacting in real-time with their environment. Since the consequences of failure of such systems can lead to substantial damage, it is ...
The Phd objective is to explore electromechanical tuning techniques dynamically to modulate the resonant frequency and quality factor of electrically-coupled MEMS devices.
Thin film batteries developed at LETI exhibit excellent performances in terms of embarked energy density. However, numerous defects are created during the deposition of the positive electrode. Said defects have been identified as being the root cause of critical failure during electrical tests an...
Located on the MINATEC campus in Grenoble, CEA-Leti's main mission is to create innovation and transfer it to industry by generating research results that will be used in industry in the medium and long term, positioning its research between academic research and industrial R&D. Within LETI Syste...
Post-quantum cryptography is booming. This is due to quantum computer advances and to the NIST's initiative aiming at defining the first standards of post-quantum primitives by 2024. This new cryptography involves a scientific and industrial transition of the now wide cybersecurity ecosystem. Cry...
The performance of the processors used in scientific computing and for machine learning applications continues to improve. One of the primary techniques for achieving performance consists of exploiting parallelism; however, this approach works well only when the data is regular. Many real-world ...
The artificial intelligence field is dominated today, in volume, by research on deep neural networks (DNN). Indeed, about a decade ago, they seemed to significantly improve on problems deemed as difficult, such as computer vision issues. Since then, DNN are generating enthusiasm and hopes. Yet, e...
Deep learning algorithms, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), are used for many applications as image recognition and/or classification. CNN are made up of several layers that generate significant movements of data. Many works have proposed architectures dedicated to the inference of CNN...
The proposed thesis addresses the perception in the embedded environment, in particular multi-class (people, cars, cyclists...) detection and tracking in real time. Object tracking is one of the key issues due to its wide scope of applications involving autonomous vehicles, robot navigation, medi...
So-called "ferroelectric" memories, or FeRAM (Ferroelectric Random Access Memories), are currently emerging as a promising alternative to replace fast-access (<1µs) non-volatile memories, necessary in all computing architectures, particularly those using Flash or MRAM / RRAM. Unlike existing memo...
In the context of applications directly using encrypted data (Fully Homomorphic Encryption or FHE), Transciphering allows to workaround the large expansion of the size of FHE encrypted data, thanks to the use of symmetric cryptography. Transciphering is a recryption technique that delegates the e...
Intelligence at the Edge aims to push the computation performed on the data to the edge for energy and security reasons. This results in the implementation of co-optimized hardware for the inference of artificial neural networks (ANN) of varying depths (DNN) and aims at a calculation as close as ...
Homomorphic encryption is a cryptographic technique allowing to perform computation directly over encrypted data, without having access to the clear data. Nowadays, the homomorphic encryption is one of the most powerful way of ensuring data confidentiality when externalising the computation to a ...
The laboratory for systems in close proximity to the person (LS2P) develops wearable devices for the monitoring of the physiological parameters such as the cardiac rhythm, the oxygen saturation of the tissue or the arterial pressure. High integration constraints are applied in the early design ph...
Models of AI, notably deep neural networks, are increasingly incorporated into practical systems in a diverse set of domains. In some of these domains, autonomous vehicles and wearable medical devices for example, these models are responsible for taking safety-critical decisions. However, the mod...
For microelectronics industry, SOI (Silicon on Insulator) structure elaboration for the new generation of integrated circuits fabrication relies on wafer bonding by molecular adherence technology. It is based on direct bonding between two surfaces thanks to plasma activation. In the Ph.D.'s frame...
Current deep learning algorithms suffer, on the one hand from catastrophic forgetting preventing incremental learning, and on the other hand when implemented on silicon, limiting embedded applications especially when learning needs to be performed. This thesis subject therefore proposes to explor...
Overlay (OVL) is one of the key parameters to be monitored during the microelectronic components fabrications. Currently, this parameter is monitored by imaging techniques or by scatterometry. For the most advanced technologies - CMOS10nm and beyond - these techniques, although accurate (<0.4nm i...
In recent years, connected objects have been experiencing a new boom with the arrival of NFC technologies on mobile phones. The query of the object (tag, map, etc.) is usually done in the immediate vicinity or in contact with the terminal. We propose in this thesis to design an extended connecte...
Among medical imaging systems, CT scanners (Computed Tomography scanners) take "sectional" images of the human body, allowing a 3D reconstruction of the concerned body parts (skeleton, heart, lung, etc.) and leading to an improved medical diagnosis. Recently, CT scanners have entered a new era t...
The focus today is on high luminance of the microdisplays to meet the requests for AR/VR application. The performance of current OLEDs, in terms of luminance and lifetime, especially for blue, have great difficulty in meeting these high luminance specdifications. Improvements in the efficiency an...
The growth and fabrication of InGaN/GaN blue LEDs have reached a high degree of maturity thanks to their extensive use in the field of lighting. Thanks to their robustness and high efficiency, these LEDs are seen as promising candidates to make high-luminance and high resolution micro-displays fo...
In this work, we propose to study a new paradigm of computation, which is called ?hyperdimensional computing? (HDC). During the last years, brain-inspired hyperdimensional computing, based on the use of hypervectors, has demonstrated promising results in various domains including language classif...
Active illumination combined with image sensors bring the opportunity to extract a large amount of features about the observed scene that are generally not reachable to standard image acquisition approaches. This modality is now largely spread in industrial computer vision, consumer electronics a...
What are the sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays, those particles which rain down from the cosmos with colossal energies, and whose origin remains mysterious? The GRAND project (Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection) aims to answer this question, using a network of 200,000 radio antennas ...
Fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP) has become a standard for the integration of electronic components in our smartphones. Future FOWLP applications range from telecommunication devices (5G, 6G, optoelectronic transceivers, etc.) to high performance applications (HPC and artificial intelligence...
The proposed thesis topic is in the field of neural networks on sparse data of the point cloud type adapted to real-time processing on embedded computing architectures. During the last decade, the analysis of data streams from various sensors has expanded significantly due to the improvement of n...
To penetrate into the power electronics market, the main challenges for GaN remains the development of a reliable normally-off HEMT solution. CEA-LETI has chosen to develop recessed hybrid MISHEMT, fabricating normally-off devices which give functionality similar to a classic silicon based MOS. S...
The precise experimental characterization of non-unique forbidden beta transitions is both an important and very difficult subject and, indeed, very few reliable studies exist in the literature. Indeed, the continuous energy spectrum of these transitions is difficult to measure precisely for vari...
One of the laboratory's main activities concerns the development of Smart-CutTM technology, in partnership with the company SOITEC. Smart-CutTM technology is an original thin film transfer technique. It is based on the implantation of light ions, the molecular bonding of the implanted substrate o...
A new technological development consists in using CMOS at cryogenic temperatures after discovering that their performances highly improve. Possible applications are aerospace, high performance servers, quantum computing and data centers. Meanwhile, many emerging memory technologies were proposed ...
Spin and superconducting Qbits require the development of short-distance metallic routing compatible with low temperature (below TC transition) and high frequency operations. This integration usually named Back-end of line connects devices (Qbit, resonator?) or cells (chip to chip). Nowadays, sup...
In the last few years, Li-ions batteries have become the leading world battery technology, overwhelming the older Cadmium-Nickel and Alkaline technologies. Their large massic energy capacities make them very good candidates for energy supply in current and future all-electric vehicles. Despite ...
RF components are widely used for communication technologies. In particular, RF-SOI substrates provide high quality front-end modules and connections needed to support 4G and future network (5G) requirements for faster and more reliable data transmissions. In particular, for devices with high lin...
Gallium Nitride- (GaN-) based power devices are having an increasing success due to their electrical characteristics that allow to improve the efficiency and reduce the size of power converters. Vertical GaN devices have a reduced chip size with respect to lateral devices (e.g. HEMTs) but are ty...
Frama-C, developed in our laboratory, is a C program analysis platform that provides several collaborative analyzers in the form of plug-ins. Frama-C allows the user to annotate C programs with formal specifications written in the ACSL language and to combine its analyzers to verify them, in part...
CEA-LETI is a major player in the field of ultra-low consumption FeRAM memories for IoT and IA applications. The introduction of HfO2-based ultrathin ferroelectric layers with several dopants (Si, Zr, Al, allowing stabilization of the orthorhombic, ferroelectric phase) is fundamental for the opti...
Bipolar disorder is a chronic adult psychiatric condition affecting between 0.5 and 1% of the population, with many unmet medical needs in terms of treatment. One of the key issues is earlier diagnosis for a better management of the pathology. In this context, the Laboratory of Systems for the Pe...
The realization of 3D micro-structures is needed to build key functional microelectronics elements such as micro-lenses for optical imagers. These lenses can be done in particular by resist reflow or grey levels (grayscale) lithography. Grayscale lithography has the advantage of building structur...
Nowadays, the needs for air conditioning are on the rise: 10% of electricity worldwide would be used for air conditioning and this consumption is likely to triple by 2050. The absorption chiller is an effective solution to reduce electricity consumption by valorizing renewable or waste heat sour...
This work aims to explore the feasibility of new ionic layers extremely thin obtained by ALD technique (Atomic Layer Deposition). These inorganic solid state layers are major candidates as high performance dielectric for main applications like high density capacitances or synaptic transistors for...
In a context of accelerating developments associated with the PEMFC fuel cell for the decarbonation of mobility, the identified barriers that are the cost and durability of systems remain to be lifted. To do this, active research is carried out on active materials and in particular on platinum ca...
The aim of this study is to study in detail the impact of the intentional addition of specific molecules at the bonding interface such as amino alcohol or strong bases. Their implementation with interfaces of different materials will make it possible to specify all the bonding mechanisms of said ...
The safety of battery packs used in electric vehicles is a major issue in a context of electric mobility development, particularly in the automotive and aeronautical sectors. In this context, CEA/LITEN is conducting thermal runaway tests on battery cells and possible propagation to neighbouring c...
With recent advances in instrumentation and numerical methods for inverse problems, electron tomography is becoming a key 3D characterization tool capable of addressing current challenges of miniaturisation of microelectronic devices. With ultra-fast spectrometers for electron energy loss sp...
The critical element that will enable in-memory computing in neuromorphic circuits is a high-density, non-volatile memory able to store the complete set of synaptic weights. Furthermore, memories that exhibit high endurance (learning) and quasi-infinite reading (inference) are required. This idea...
Within the frame of our research activity on circuit design for (high frequency) high speed wireless communication systems, we aim to explore sub-millimeter wave frequency bands. Based on a strong background in mmW and RF IC up to Gbps, as well as circuits for sub-THz imaging, we want to investig...
Edge Artificial Intelligence and low-level Computer Vision is now massively deployed at the near-sensor level in order to further extend the capabilities of smart embedded imaging systems. Recent advances in Deep Learning show that low-precision neural networks (whose weights and activations are ...
In the Optics and Photonics division of CEA-LETI, The Emissive Components Laboratory designs and fabricates micro-displays based on GaN micro-LEDs. One of the major issue of GaN µ-LEDs is the decrease of their efficiency with the size reduction. In literature, this degradation is attributed to SR...
Operate and optimize power grids requires decisions to be made on two levels: the transmission network at the top (Cloud), the point of production/consumption at the bottom. It requires that a lot of information flows between these two layers. In this thesis we want to study the impact of an inte...
There is a huge media hype about quantum computers, but we are still far from having a quantum computer available. There are software simulators, limited in the number of QuBits that can be emulated, and experiments with a few QuBits available online. Nevertheless, we know that the final mach...
The thesis will be carried out at CEA/LETI/CLINATEC, in collaboration with EPFL (Lausanne, Switzerland) within the frame of multidisciplinary program Brain-Computer Interface (BCI). The program goal is to explore novel solutions for functional rehabilitation and/or compensation for people with se...
As part of the development of its research activities on sensor networks and predictive maintenance, the Autonomy and Sensor Integration Laboratory (DSYS/SSCE/LAIC) of CEA-LETI in Grenoble, France, is offering a thesis on "Ultrasound-based predictive maintenance". Ultrasound emission is one of th...
The understanding of a cell culture requires the analysis of the cells but also more specifically the study of their interactions. Cells are constantly interacting with each other. It is these interactions that we must examine to understand the cell population as a whole. To date, digital micros...
The aim of the thesis is to develop a very high frequency voltage regulated converter (> 10 MHz) and exploiting innovative passive components. The increase in frequency allows the use of smaller passive components in value, size and weight. Indeed, the higher the frequency is, the lower the energ...
Structural health monitoring (SHM) consists of monitoring the health of a structure using integrated sensors. In this context, the LIST is working on innovative elastic guided wave tomography methods to image corroded areas on simple geometries: plates and pipes. The subject of the thesis is to ...
The proposal consists in developing AI methods to train neural networks to learn the dynamics of hyperelastic solids. The aim is to reduce drastically computation time. The first step will consist in getting well versed with the governing equations of hyperelastic dynamic systems, and with sta...
For safety reasons, aeronautic composite structures are monitored throughout their life. In particular, they undergo fatigue or impacts likely to generate damages which, if not diagnosed in time, can lead to failure. As a complement to imaging algorithms exploiting guided ultrasonic waves that in...
Type 2 diabetes is a serious metabolic disease and a better understanding of the mechanisms involved represents a major public health issue. In both diabetic and obese individuals, adipose tissue cells exhibit insulin resistance and chronic low-grade inflammation, the mechanisms of which are not ...
The health of structures (wind turbines, bridges, power plants, aircraft, etc.) is essential to their operation and safety. This is why maintenance operations include regular inspections, leading to repairs or replacements. These operations have a cost, not only economical, but also environmental...
Hydrogen and methane production from biomasses and wastes is a hot topic that has attracted great interest in the energy transition in the recent years. Hydrothermal gasification (HTG) is a thermochemical process which employs the supercritical conditions of water (T > 374 ° C, P > 221 bar), in o...
The development of silicon photonics technology has made it possible to the integrate numerous photonic functions on the same chip, as close as possible to electronic functions, allowing the miniaturization of components in the fields of datacom, telecom and optical sensors. However, optical comm...
Context: Optical communications are commonly used to answer the growing needs in data exchanges for personal and professional usage through fiber optics communication up to the datacenters where user information is processed and stored, as well as for next gen 4.0 industries where interconnects s...
In a context of massive decarbonisation, the growing complexity of energy production systems makes advanced management and control issues crucial. The fine control of these systems, ensuring optimality and robustness, is also a central ingredient for the implementation of the flexibility of the p...
Smart contracts have become the new paradigm for the development of trusted and decentralized services, which span over a multitude of domains of activity. The Ethereum blockchain has become the most widespread platform for smart contracts, despite the fact that it presents a number of vulnerabil...
Optical frequency comb (OFC) generation has been widely studied in the past decades mainly for timing and clocks as well as for spectrometry. However, the possibility to generate OFC on chip with low power consumption is opening new fields of application such as telecommunication, LIDAR, sensing,...
Using quantum resources for storing and processing information has become a tremendous topic in quantum technologies. Among many strategies (superconducting junctions, ions, atoms, NV centers?), photons offer several strong advantages with a long coherence time and benefits from long-standing res...
The use of lithium has increased dramatically in recent years due to the explosion of the lithium ion battery market. Future European regulation will lead to lithium recovery, so far not included in recycling processes. That's why today, a selective technology to generate a low cost, low environm...
We have lived through a first quantum revolution during the XXth century thanks to the invention of currently widespread components such as transistors and lasers, both based on the quantification of energy levels. Today, a second quantum revolution is underway in the field of communications, com...
The LCO (?'Laboratoire des Capteurs Optiques'', standing for Optical Sensors Laboratory) develops both mid infrared (MIR) to visible Silicon integrated photonic components, and innovative sensors. Starting from upstream research down to industrial transfers, those sensors get to find environmenta...
In the context of the acceleration of hydrogen deployment and its use in complex systems, This thesis topic will allow to advance the international community on the impact of uncertainties on the steering and control laws of digital twins of hybrid systems built with multi-physical fuel cell and ...
This thesis aims at studying the growth mechanisms and the characterization of perovskite materials deposited by close-space sublimation (CSS). This innovative deposition method, recently developed at CEA for this material, allows synthesizing layers to build new devices with improved performance...
Virtual Reality based digital twins have become a reference tool for the design of new products and systems. The allow an early detection and correction of errors thanks to the real time and immersive simulation of their production, assembly and use, hence reduced development time and costs. Beyo...
In the context of the energy transition, flexibility plays an important role in optimizing the supply of energy, for maintaining the balance, stability and operational reliability of the electricity system, and for integrating a growing share of renewable energies in the grid. Several works have...
The European Commission plans to ban the marketing of new combustion engine vehicles from 2035. This decision will accelerate the growth of 100% electric vehicles (EVs), which have already accounted for 9% of new car sales in France in the first 3 quarters of 2021. This growth will have to be acc...
The subject falls within the context of the optimization of the sizing and management of energy systems. The PERSEE optimization tool developed at CEA, applied to many projects, is based on a MILP (Mixed-integer linear programming) formalism and on an economic objective function. However, other d...
In the majority of current high-power PV plants, DC-AC converters are used to inject on a 50Hz three-phase AC network under 320 to 800 V from the usual level of 1500 VDC on PV strings, before using 50Hz transformers to inject to the 50Hz-20kV AC grid. This approach imposes a very large current on...
With the development of renewable energies, storage systems, electric vehicles and hydrogen production, the stability of the electricity network will no longer be guaranteed as long as the usual control methods are retained. The objective of the thesis is to propose controls at the level of each...
Reflectometry is a diagnostic method to identify and characterize electrical faults on cables or more generally on transmission lines. The analysis of these faults makes it possible to improve the maintenance of the cables. The LFIC laboratory at DM2I has developed a technology based on compressi...
The field of Augmented Reality is an active area of research for several years. This field is expected to offer new possibilities for the interaction between users and mobile devices. Among the various technologies investigated worldwide by the academic and industrial teams, holography is of part...
Uncooled thermal infrared cameras, based on the micro-bolometer technology, are present in several domains of application: industrial monitoring, automotive, automation, defense ? To follow those high volume markets, there is a strong competition to develop more performant focal plane arrays, wit...
The thesis work is related to the integration of III-V materials into silicon-based photonic integrated circuits (PIC) to achieve hybrid lasers operating in the middle infrared (MIR), and this, in the context of ultimate-integration of chemical sensors for emerging applications (health and enviro...
Hypnosis is a non-pharmacological technique increasingly used in the clinical setting for therapeutic and anaesthesic purposes. The real-time monitoring and in-depth characterization of hypnotic state is expected to improve its rationale of use, for the benefit of patients in particular through t...
The thesis is positioned in the domain of organoids, which enable fundamental tissue mechanisms to be studied in-vitro. The project aims at developing a new microfluidic system with integrated simple, robust and compact optical reading, and allowing for in-situ monitoring of the secretome evoluti...
3D sensing by capturing depth images, is a key function in numerous emerging applications such as facial recognition, augmented reality, robotics or drones. CEA targets the development of an innovative 3D sensing module, inspired from frequency modulated Lidar, with simultaneous illumination of t...
Envelope tracking (ET) is a key technology to improve the efficiency of RF Power Amplifiers (PA). ET has been widely adopted in the last decade but it suffers from efficiency degradation when moving to Beyond 5G applications because of the increased signal bandwidth. Objective of the proposed the...
The Infrared Laboratory of the Optical and Photonics department of CEA-LETI, associated with the manufacturer LYNRED develop cooled infrared detectors using the HgCdTe technology, with state-of-the-art performances. However, for some specific applications, typically spatial ones like astrophysics...
With the proliferation of connected objects, the Internet of Things (IoT) is currently at the center of digital evolution. It is now possible to connect daily / industrial objects (robots, cars, sensors, etc.) to the Internet via embedded terminals. The mMTC (massive Machine Type Communications) ...
Following the roadmap for 6G, there is a clear trend to increase the frequency of communication systems in order to enlarge their bandwidth. In these new frequency bands, the highest at 250-325GHz represents the most challenging for technology manufacturers as silicon technologies and Gallium Nit...
On-board satellite in orbit, high performance IR focal plane arrays made of HgCdTe suffer from a very aggressive radiative environment, particularly in terms of protons. In that case, protons are likely to induce defects in the narrow gap semiconductor used for light absorption. Those defects ten...
Functional emulation of biological synapses using electronic devices is considered the first step towards neuromorphic engineering and artificial neural networks (ANN). Ionic transistors are mixed ionic-electronic conductivity devices capable of capacitive and/or faradic gate-to-channel coupling,...
The energy and power density of Li-ion batteries are continuously increasing and their deployment requires a high safety level. Means of protection exist at the cell level as well as at the battery (assembly in series or parallel of several cells). However, when these means of protection fail it ...
Transports are responsible for around 30% of greenhouse gas emissions in Europe. The development of low-carbon mobility is therefore a major challenge which involves, among other things, a massive electrification of land, sea and air vehicles. However, this electrification requires the developmen...
This PhD thesis deals with the design and synthesis of fluorescent probes and the processing method needed for the development of fluorescent sensors of organophosphorus pesticides. A fluorescent probes is a molecule that changes its emission spectrum in the presence of a target molecule. At th...
Organoids on a chip (OOC) have been the subject of numerous scientific works over the past decade. Indeed, the introduction in microfluidic components of tissue structures, mimicking by their function and architecture the behavior of organs, allows in-depth studies of their functioning and/or beh...
If water-based electrolytes have been used for electrochemical storage for a long time, Li-ion batteries have changed this paradigm in the 90s. The energy densities displayed by the latter systems require electrochemical stability of the electrolytes that can only be achieved by the use of organi...
Homomorphic encryption is a recent cryptographic technique that allows blind computing on encrypted data. This allows users to send sensitive data to a remote server able to manipulate it without knowing it. In this context, a nontrivial problem is : how to allow homomorphic manipulation on data ...
In a global context of task automation, artificial neural networks are currently used in many domains requiring the processing of data from various types of sensors: vision, sound, vibration. The processing of information on an embedded platform leads to several hardware constraints that must be ...
The cumulated quantity of end life photovoltaic modules should attend around 8 to 10 Mt in 2030, and approximately 60 to 78 Mt in 2050. Recycling those metals became essential for the durability of solar energy production. Even if several methods are already existing for the recovery of the cons...
The PhD subject is in a research field oriented towards improving the lifetime of PEMFC fuel cells by optimizing the control of the complete fuel cell system for heavy-duty applications. It focuses on the development of tools for the detection and isolation of operating condition faults during dy...
Lithium ion batteries end of life is a serious industrial issue on all the recycling value chain, because of high environmental and economic process costs. Batteries are complex systems (comprising polymer, metals or plastics). Their recycling is today a big technological challenge with the devel...
The necessary transition to electric mobility will apply significant strains on critical raw materials for batteries such as Cobalt and Nickel, which are enter in the composition of most Li-ion battery cathodes. Moreover, the ecological impact of the increased mining of these minerals may render ...
Today, the main causes of degradation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEM-FC) are related to operation, whether under normal conditions (start/stop), or extreme (freezing conditions, cold start ). One solution to remedy these degradations consists in limiting the impact of these condition...
PC-RAMs coupled with capacitors have been already proposed to enable on chip learning in classical neural networks trained with the backpropagation algorithm (IBM,Nature) but with an important area overhead. Recently, a new algorithm that enables on-chip learning in Binary Neural Networks has b...
The second life use of batteries requires being able to determine the state of aging of these batteries at the end of their first life, and to predict the evolution of their future performance. The state of aging of a Li-ion battery cannot be reduced to a single state of health indicator (State ...
In the context of the increasing demand for electrification, particularly for transportation, it is necessary to develop batteries with a higher energy density, while ensuring safety in operation. The all-solid batteries (GEN4) would allow to reach these two objectives. Among the solid organic ...
It is accepted that a true random number generator (TRNG) consists of three parts. First of all the source of entropy, considered as the heart of the generator, it implements a purely random physical mechanism. Then the quantization stage, which translates the analog signal (itself an image of th...
The topic of interest consists in combining neural networks with a common reduction method for nonlinear differential equations: the Proper Generalized Decomposition (PGD). In solid mechanics, the PGD can be used to reduce the number of degrees of freedom, yielding a numerical problem much faster...
The field of nuclear instrumentation covers a wide range of applications, which are evolving on an ongoing basis thanks to progress in digital and signal processing technologies. Radiological measurements are characterised by the analysis of a specific signal made up of short duration pulses (of ...
Due to the saturation of GHz frequencies, the future of communication systems will be in the mmwave range. It offers the possibility to reach high data-rate with better efficiency. However, it imposes more constraints and it is more challenging since it rely to heterogeneous systems (assembling o...
Solid-state lithium-ion batteries (Gen4) are under development to go beyond the performances of liquid batteries in terms of energy density and safety in operation. The variable polymer fraction in these electrolytes and the corresponding electrodes suggest the use of extrusion as a core process ...
With the exponential growth of IoT devices and applications in our everyday's life (e.g., smart watches, smart glasses, etc.) and the ever evolving requirements of network users and operators (huge amount of data, more bandwidth, utra-low latency, energy-efficiency, etc.), managing this ?smart? c...
One of the objectives of technological research in photovoltaic (PV) modules is to achieve higher power densities. The development of modules using tandem silicon/perovskite (Si/PK) cells should allow to reach power densities higher than 250 W/m². In order to reach this objective, it is necessary...
The student will be trained in state-of-the-art transmission electron microscopy. We will combine electron holography, with deformation, phase/structure and chemical mapping on the same specimen. Advanced data processing techniques will be developed in order to combine the different maps to provi...
Strong spin-orbit coupling materials are very promising for spin-electronics and quantum computing. This thesis focuses on three semi-conducting compounds : HgTe, CdTe and InSb that represent a new and unique material platform for these applications. Nanostructures in the form of nano-wires will...
The detection of the radiation produced by photonuclear reactions constitutes a method for determining the elements present in a target of unknown nature. The applications can be multiple: detection of explosive materials, narcotics, toxic gases, fissile materials, hidden in a container or a pack...
To evaluate the confidence that we can have in a neural network, one of the issues is to understand how the network classifies the data. The size of neural networks used industrially, in terms of number of execution paths, but also in terms of number of parameters manipulated, is such that a huma...
The development of the renewable energies and the automotive are requiring more power devices. The use of III-N materials (GaN, AlGaN) has permitted to improve the power device performances. The plasma etching is one of the most critical step in the manufacturing of GaN devices. Indeed, it has be...
Random number generators are the corner stone for cryptographic systems. True random number generator (TRNG) implementations are based on an unpredictable physical process for its entropy source. This source can be integrated into an ASIC or an FPGA. In order to reach a high level of security and...
While the first generation of resistive memories based on phase-change materials (Phase-Change Memory or PCM) is already in production, in particular for Storage Class Memory (SCM) applications, and in the process of being qualified for the automotive market characterized by very strict reliabili...
This PhD topic is financed within the framework of the electronics section of the PEPR (Priority equipement and research programmes) and the France Relance investment programme. It adresses a research theme that has been identified as key for the development of power converters for industrial and...
LETI is currently transferring an AlGaN/GaN power electronics technology on 200mm silicon wafers to a renowned industrial partner in the field of power electronics devices (silicon, SiC). Gallium nitride-based (GaN) power electronics transistors can have either a normally-off (e-mode) or normall...
In the race for miniaturization and in a context of energy sobriety, 2D materials have extremely interesting properties. Indeed, their planar dimension allows to reduce the deveice size and makes them less energy consuming. They are considered by the microelectronics industry as a major developme...
Research and development around silicon carbide (SiC) power semiconductors provides samples that can withstand voltages up to 15kV. These devices switch at very high speeds (e.g. 120kV / µs for a 10kV SiC MOSFET or 180kV / µs for a 15kV SiC IGBT). Overall, the performances of these semiconductors...
The primary sources of electrical energy used in renewable energy systems are mainly with DC ouputs : We can indicate below, the main voltage characteristics of the power sources : -Photovoltaïcs (1.5 kVDC) -Energy storage systems (800V-1.5kVDC) -EHT Stacks (950 VDC) -Electric vehicle batter...
Existing telecommunication and data communication networks are evolving towards extremely high capacity and data-rate connections that will require innovative transceiver architectures. For wireless data links, beyond 5G and 6G and systems will be required in the next 5 to 10 years able to pr...
Crystalline silicon solar cells dominate the PV market, yet their performances are now reaching their practical limit. One strategy to overcome this limit consists in producing tandem cells by associating a silicon sub-cell with another sub-cell with a wider bandgap perovskite absorber. Currently...
With the advent of all-electric vehicle, increasing the range and reducing the production costs of lithium-ion batteries has become a priority for the automotive industry. For this purpose, one the most margins of progress consists in using, for the positive electrode, nickel-rich isotype lamella...
The artificial intelligence community, inspired by the tremendous progress made in neuroscience, has recently proposed powerful algorithms to enable effective real-time decision making based on a limited volume of noisy sensory data. However, implementing such algorithms in low-power devices in r...
3D sequential integration enables to achieve the highest 3D contact density between stacked levels compared to other existing techniques. However it requires to process stacked devices with a limited thermal budget. Leti institute is pioneer in this domain and has a unique expertise on low temper...
Hydrogen is considered as the energy carrier of tomorrow. However, in addition to the fact that the production and distribution chain is not yet operational, there are real scientific, technological and economic barriers to its storage for mobile or stationary applications. Although, there are st...
Software systems are often developed in a modular way by (re)using components that cooperate in providing a more global service. We will consider component-intensive software systems, particularly those composed of communicating components via message passing and communication primitives. Example...
In this thesis, the principles and challenges in the development and characterization of conformal piezoelectric arrays for medical use will be discussed. A stretchable piezoelectric sensor/actuator, realized on a stretchable substrate, will be developed with materials (printed PVDF-TrFE or compo...
3D technologies (in monolithic or hybrid integration) present an industrial appeal for More Moore and More than Moore applications. Thanks to the channel materials and compact integration, high RF figures of merit go up to 300GHz are possible. The objective of the thesis is to analyze the proces...
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are mainly developed for transportation applications. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made, leading to the commercialization of the first generation of fuel cell cars. Recently, R&D efforts have shifted to heavy-duty vehicles, where ...
After several decades of intense development, silicon-based PV is a well-established and mature technology that now nears its practical efficiency limit. One strategy to overcome this limit is to use multi-junctions solar cells coupling a silicon subcell with a topcell based on a higher band gap ...
The evolution of silicon photomultiplier technologies (SiPM) allows the implementation of pixelated measurements. The compactness of SiPMs opens up prospects for measurements distributed over larger and/or pixelated scintillator surfaces. The objective of the thesis is to provide a distributed el...
Current generations of Li-ion batteries rely on the use of liquid electrolyte. However, they are not compatible with the use of Li metal and are flammable. To circumvent these limitations, the use of solid-state electrolyte is more and more studied. Nevertheless, several bottlenecks still need to...
The objective of the thesis is to propose a new unified approach, based on implicit 3D models, allowing both to reconstruct in 3D the observed scene and to analyze its content. More precisely, given one or more images, the proposed solution should first be able to predict an implicit 3D represent...
Many monitoring applications such as pedestrian video protection, cow monitoring in a farm or automatic analysis of team sports games rely on the correct re-identification of individuals in a network of cameras. However, there can be a great disparity in terms of point of view depending on the ca...
High temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA) is a phenomenon which affects low carbon ferrito-pearlitic steels constituting pressure vessels under temperature (T>250°C) and Hydrogen pressure. It is characterized by the formation of methane bubbles at grain boundaries due to the reaction between Hydrog...
Since the late 2000s with the advent of 45nm CMOS nodes, the control of critical dimensions (CD) of the structures in the photolithography stage has become critical to the reliability of printed circuit boards. Optical photolithography remains the most economical and widespread technique for high...
In 2016, Google introduced the founding principles of federated learning [1] which opened up a brand new computing paradigm for AI. Until now, most of deep machine learning approaches adopt a centralized way to train a model. It requires the data to be stored in a datacenter. This is practically ...
3D point cloud LiDAR techniques have considerably improved over the course of the last few years, reaching industrial-ready status in terms of methods as well as sensors. In the context of autonomous driving and driving assistance, LiDAR data can provide a rich and reliable information about the ...
