In the current context of technological, energy and ecological transition, there is an urgent need to develop more sustainable and cost effective synthetic processes: flow biocatalysis, combination of biocatalysis and continuous flow chemistry, has emerged as a winning combination. It allows sign...
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are mainly developed for transportation applications. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made, leading to the commercialization of the first generation of fuel cell cars. Recently, R&D efforts have shifted to heavy-duty vehicles, where ...
The cumulated quantity of end life photovoltaic modules should attend around 8 to 10 Mt in 2030, and approximately 60 to 78 Mt in 2050. Recycling those metals became essential for the durability of solar energy production. Even if several methods are already existing for the recovery of the cons...
Lithium ion batteries end of life is a serious industrial issue on all the recycling value chain, because of high environmental and economic process costs. Batteries are complex systems (comprising polymer, metals or plastics). Their recycling is today a big technological challenge with the devel...
Papyrus SW designer supports the code generation from UML models and reverse engineering mechanisms to create models from existing code. It enables component-based modeling and state-machines. As most programming languages do not support these concepts, they need to be mapped to the programming l...
MOS-HEMT devices have erased a lot of interest in the state of art and specifically for compact and high power density applications. Thanks to the presence of a high bi-dimensional gas electron (2deg) at the AlGaN/GaN heterojunction and the very promising GaN thermal resistance and high mobility,...
Software systems are often developed in a modular way by (re)using components that cooperate in providing a more global service. We will consider component-intensive software systems, particularly those composed of communicating components via message passing and communication primitives. Example...
A natural way to address the scalability of quantum devices is to design and realise arrays of individual quantum objects with nearest-neighbor interaction. In large-scale semiconductor quantum processors, a quantum bit is encoded in the spin of an isolated electron, trapped in an array of quantu...
The automated resolution of cognitive tasks primarily relies on learning algorithms applied to neural networks which, when executed on standard architectures, lead to a power consumption several orders of magnitude larger than what the brain would require. This consumption can be drastically redu...
Power electronics used in particular for the electric vehicle requires the fabrication of smaller and smaller devices able of sustaining high currents and high working voltages. The miniaturization of these components requires the development of new dielectric materials with high breakdown field....
The recent improvements of quantum bits (qubit) based on electron spins pave the way towards their massive integration into the possible quantum processor of the future quantum computer. The individual biasing, manipulation and reading of particular qubits of the matrix is a key point that forges...
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are defined as crystalline solids consisting of a single layer of atoms, making their properties remarkable. Compared to their massive form, they can present outstanding semiconducting characteristics that can be exploited for many applications (CMOS, memories, phot...
Spatiotemporal manipulation of the near- and far-electromagnetic (EM)-field distribution and its interaction with matter in the THz spectrum (0.1-0.6 THz) is of prime importance in the development of future communication, spectroscopy, imaging, holography, and sensing systems. Reconfigurable Inte...
In order to reduce the manufacturing costs of integrated circuits and continue their miniaturization, disruptive approaches based on the use of selective deposition processes are now being considered in addition to photolithography. Recent developments are mostly linked to the use of atomic layer...
Non-volatile magnetic memories (MRAMs), such as STT-MRAMs (Spin-torque Transfer MRAMs), appear to be extremely promising devices for reducing the energy consumption of memories. In this context, a very strong spin-orbit coupling at room temperature has been demonstrated in 2D heterostructures of ...
In the history of semiconductors, the requirements in terms of device size have always followed a descending trend. Low thermal budget solutions are now key to manage these specifications. Within this context, nanosecond laser annealing stands as an excellent solution. Laser process conditions ca...
This thesis concerns the field of HgCdTe infrared detectors for astrophysical applications, for which the Infrared Laboratory of CEA -Leti is a world leader. The student will join the infrared laboratory which includes the entire detector manufacturing process. He will produce the samples using ...
Silicon photonics was initially developed for high-performance telecommunications, but new applications quickly emerged. These include the development of LiDARs (Light Detection And Ranging) intended for environmental imaging for vehicles and autonomous systems. Indeed, existing LiDARs are made ...
Quantum computing is nowadays a strong field of research at CEA-LETI and in numerous institutes and companies around the world. The Quantum Silicon Grenoble project, including CEA-LETI, CEA-IRIG and Néel Institut, aims to achieve a quantum computer based on quantum bits (qubits) in silicon. The o...
In this subjet we will develop off-axis electron holography for the measurement of electrostatic fields in AlGaN quantum well structures for UV emission. Electron holography measures the phase of electrons from an interference pattern. As the phase change of the electrons is proportional to the p...
As the performances of the transistor are approaching their physical limits, developing semiconductor technology with novel concepts and materials is a major focus of the microelectronics research and industry. In recent years, MOSFETs fabricated with semiconducting 2D transition metal dichalcoge...
The SmartCut technology is nowdays widely used on the manufacture of innovative substrates such as SOI (Silicon-on-Insulator). The fundamental physical phenomena underlying this process are still being actively studied. In particular, the catastrophic fracture step, which allows the transfer of a...
The recent discovery of ferroelectricity in hafnium oxide (HfO2) thin films generates a strong interest for ultra-low power non volatile memories, in which the information is stored by the orientation of the electric dipoles in this material. Among those memories, the ferroelectric field effect...
The recent discovery of HfO2 ferroelectric properties generates a strong interest for novel non-volatile memory technologies. Among them, HfO2-based Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions (FTJ) are resistive memories in which the electronic transport, and thus the device conductance, is modulated by the ...
For microelectronics industry, SOI (Silicon on Insulator) structure elaboration for the new generation of integrated circuits fabrication relies on wafer bonding by molecular adherence technology. It is based on direct bonding between two surfaces thanks to plasma activation. In the Ph.D.'s frame...
Today, memories are once again a priority for two reasons: data production is growing exponentially. Data storage and transfer consumes up to 90% of the energy in computing systems. Non-volatile memories, which retain information when not powered, are needed to limit energy consumption. Ferroelec...
Simulations using molecular dynamics (MD) are particularly suitable to study the physical properties of complex materials at the atomic scale but require an accurate description of their potential energy surface (PES). In the past couple of years, much progress has been made in the development of...
The massive electrification of energy systems and the reduction of material consumption are major objectives addressed by the CEA-LITEN. Additive manufacturing now allows the production of complex ferromagnetic components for electric motors, but losses due to eddy currents are too high. For Fe-4...
Currently, we see two major trends in the world of hardware design community. First, the emergence of a dynamic Open Source community and the number of available processors and peripherals is growing rapidly. The RISC-V processor (and the 64-bit CVA6 implementation) are now very mature. The OpenP...
The times when applications required small input data and simple processing on local computers are gone. Nowadays, data-intensive applications take over in the form of online video games, geolocation-based services or complex image processing. These applications cannot be offloaded on computing c...
The DTBS at Leti develops new technologies to invent tomorrow's medical diagnostic and therapeutic innovations in collaboration with public hospitals and universities. Inside this department, the LSMB lab gathers a multidisciplinary team to design and produce microfluidic systems for healthcare a...
In an electricity mix with a large proportion of intermittent renewable energy sources, massive storage solutions will be of major interest. In these solutions, electricity is converted into a large-scale storable energy (e.g. in the form of water or gas pressure, electrochemical energy, etc.) an...
The advance of LED micro displays requires high resolution and brightness for a wide range of applications such as smart phone or virtual reality. These new products specifications raise challenges in terms of pixels size and density, material integration and fabrication techniques. In this con...
It is well known that neural networks require huge amounts of data. The associated learnings are consequent and keep multiplying as the target tasks and the ontology associated with these tasks become more diverse. The direct consequences are the need for computing resources and the associated ex...
The development of silicon photonics technology has made it possible to integrate numerous photonic functions on the same chip, as close as possible to electronic functions, allowing the miniaturization of components in the fields of datacoms, telecoms and optical sensors. However, optical commun...
Open-source initiatives for hardware design, like RISC-V, are pressing to replace traditional hardware development methods, as they propose tools and methodologies to speed-up the design process. It is not only the productivity that matters, it is also important that the proposed designs address ...
While topics around protection mechanisms or threat detection are currently well covered, post-attack repair is still not very present in the scientific literature. Objectives: The objective of this thesis is to identify solutions to restore critical functions or tasks of an embedded devic...
X-rays is the most widely used medical imaging modality for the detection of pathologies, the monitoring of their evolution and during certain surgical procedures. The objective of this thesis is to study a new semiconductor material based on perovskites for direct X-ray detection. A thesis is ...
This thesis falls within the scope of incorporating expert knowledge in Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) in order to improve their performance and their explainability. The proposed subject aims to explore and experiment new approaches for incorporating expert knowledge in deep neural networks. We ...
Ammonia is currently regarded as a promising energy carrier for hydrogen energy storage and transport. The key challenge is to improve the energy efficiency of heterogeneous catalysis processes for both ammonia synthesis from nitrogen, and ammonia decomposition into hydrogen. The potential of new...
Frama-C, developed in our laboratory, is a C program analysis platform that provides several collaborative analyzers in the form of plug-ins. Frama-C allows the user to annotate C programs with formal specifications written in the ACSL language and to combine its analyzers to verify them, in part...
CESTI is an Information Technology Security Evaluation Facility (ITSEF) laboratory dedicated to security evaluations of integrated circuits. During its evaluation process, various tests can be performed, amongst whose perturbation attacks. The latter consists in modifying chip behavior in order t...
The proposed research work is twofold: improving the energy efficiency of 5G/6G millimeter radio access network and securing radio links. Mixed solutions at the frontier between the definition of radio head architecture and signal processing algorithms will be proposed and assessed according to t...
This work aims to optimize new PV cells structures (tandem devices) through better understanding of 2D spatial inhomogeneity issues (metallization shading, localized defects, edge effects). By combining crystalline silicon cells (c-Si, 1 junction) with another semiconductor material, it is possib...
Edge Artificial Intelligence and low-level Computer Vision is now massively deployed at the near-sensor level in order to further extend the capabilities of smart embedded imaging systems. This near-sensor intelligence typically allows 1000x gains by capping data transmission, thus improving ener...
Bipolar disorder is a chronic adult psychiatric disorder affecting between 0.5 and 1% of the population, with many unmet medical needs in terms of treatment. In this context, CEA-LETI's Laboratory of Systems for the Person (LS2P) proposes to address the crucial challenge of monitoring patients in...
The most innovative communication systems for beyond 5G and future 6G applications have to face a number of challenges related to the trade-offs between link range, power consumption and data-rate. A growing interest is put on radio frequency circuits operating at mmW and sub-THz bands because at...
The problems of overheating of buildings in temperate and hot climates lead to an increase in the use of air conditioning, which causes new problems of stress on the electrical network. With the increase of heat waves and the ever-increasing internal loads, particularly in a tertiary context, the...
The general context of this thesis is the cyber-security of embedded systems. The research background of this thesis is tied to the automatic application of counter-measures against the so-called physical attacks, which encompass observation attacks (side-channel attacks) and perturbation at...
Heat pipes are highly efficient two-phase heat transfer devices. They are commonly used in telecommunication satellites for thermal management of embedded components. One of the limitations of present space heat pipes is the heat flux density at the evaporator, that has to stay below a given thre...
Since 2018 and the announcement of the Spectre and Meltdow vulnerabilities, the hard-won performance gains of desktop and server processors over the past few decades have been called into question. These vulnerabilities effectively exploit the speculative and out of order execution found in all m...
Nowadays, more and more near-sensor microelectronics systems implement functionalities based on artificial intelligence (AI) for either image classification, event detection or autonomous decision making. These embedded AI-based systems are usually trained by high-performance computing servers ma...
One of the major technological breakthrough to be figure out in order to enable the market access to PEMFC technology is focus on durability. The various degradation mechanisms are well known and referenced in the literature, but their minimisation is still a key issue to be resolved. In parti...
In the context of the energy transition, the valorisation of bio-resources for the production of energy or molecules for green chemistry becomes a priority. CEA Liten has decided to develop hydrothermal processes, in particular hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) producing bio-oil, char and gas. The ...
Prussian blue analogues (PBA) have been identified as promising materials for sodium-ion batteries. Their main advantages are their high capacity and operating voltage, their ease of synthesis and their composition without critical elements. All these advantages place them among the most serious ...
Neuromorphic networks for signal and information processing have acquired recently a renewed interest considering the more and more complex tasks that have to be solved automatically in current applications: speech recognition, dynamic image correlation, rapid decision processing integrating a pl...
The objective of this thesis is to study the use of Graph Neural Networks (GNN) and their application to physical parameters estimation. Those parameters are use-case-dependent but their estimation relies on the use of a network of sensors distributed spatially. The use of GNNs is particularly we...
High temperature electrolysis is considered as the high efficiency technology for hydrogen production with low carbon emissions. The electrolysis reaction occurs in a solid oxide cell (SOC) composed of a dense electrolyte of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), sandwiched between two porous electrod...
The thesis concerns the study, modeling and development of infrared detectors based on antennas and MIM (Metal-Insulator-Metal) nanodiodes in the range 8-12 µm. These devices will operate at room temperature and will be manufactured in the CEA-LETI clean room. The student began his thesis work w...
Emission imaging is a medical imaging modality using radiopharmaceuticals, enabling to retrieve functional information. It is highly specific and sensitive to very small concentrations of the tracer. However, current instruments like scintillation cameras measure only a small fraction of emitted ...
Wireless power transmission technologies (WPT) are rapidly expanding, particularly for wireless charging of electrical systems (mobile phones, electric cars, etc.) but also for powering centimeter-scale wireless sensor nodes. The aim of the thesis is to study the performance and optimization of a...
Uncooled thermal infrared cameras, based on the micro-bolometer technology, are present in several domains of application: industrial monitoring, automotive, automation, defense ? To follow those high volume markets, there is a strong competition to develop more performant focal plane arrays, wit...
The identification of bacterial species is an important issue in the context of health risk assessment, but is often insufficient. but often insufficient. Indeed, the presence of VNC (Viable Non-Cultivable) bacteria poses a problem because they cannot be detected by classical microbiological te...
In the Optics and Photonics division of CEA-LETI, The Emissive Components Laboratory designs and fabricates micro-displays based on GaN micro-LEDs. One of the major issue of GaN µ-LEDs is the decrease of their efficiency with the size reduction. In literature, this degradation is attributed to SR...
Over the past 20 years, wireless communication systems have continued to evolve and offer new services. Today, the success is such that the frequency bands below 10GHz are saturated and we are now turning to millimeter band frequencies. These frequencies offer the possibility to develop systems w...
3D sensing by capturing depth images, is a key function in numerous emerging applications such as facial recognition, augmented reality, robotics or drones. CEA targets the development of an innovative 3D sensing module, inspired from frequency modulated Lidar, with simultaneous illumination of t...
CEA Leti has conceived a holographic printer as part of its development of optical components and systems for the field of Augmented Reality. This printer allows us to record micro-holograms that encode elementary angular functions. The current application of the printer concern the development o...
Work carried out within the CEA-Leti has shown that physical attacks can be a threat to the security mechanisms of SoCs (System-On-Chips). Indeed, fault injections by electromagnetic disturbance have already led to an elevation of privileges by authenticating with an illegitimate password, or mor...
The aim of this thesis is to design high-efficiency power converters based on resonating piezoelectric transducers. A large part of the work is to develop the electrical cycle able to energetically maintain the piezoelectric resonator in resonance and ensure zero-voltage switching, for electrical...
The focus today is on high luminance of the microdisplays to meet the requests for AR/VR application. The performance of current OLEDs, in terms of luminance and lifetime, especially for blue, have great difficulty in meeting these high luminance specdifications. Improvements in the efficiency an...
